ABSTRACT
In education, online learning with an e-learning system is an irreplaceable need. Many argue that online learning is the current educational crisis. Several studies show how complicated the handling of COVID-19 for universities is, especially in online learning (e-learning) outcomes. The variables influencing online learning during the COVID-19 epidemic have been shown in numerous studies. However, the influence of several other factors still needs to be investigated. Therefore, this study aims to determine non-academic factors that affect online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. With data collected from the International University of Logistics and Business (ULBI), this study uses Cronbach's-Alpha analysis, Bayesian Exploratory Factor Analysis (BEFA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Multivariate Regression Analysis. The evaluation of the research scale shows 20 observed variables. The test results prove that three non-academic factors influence students' online learning outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: education cost policy (H1), communication quality (H2), and student support (H3). Each factor has p - value < 0.001, p - value = 0.029, and p - value = 0.004, respectively. Meanwhile, family circumstances do not affect students' online learning outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic (H4 rejected) because the p-value is 0.152. An example case in the questionnaire shows that most students say family income can adapt to changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 IEEE.